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- The dictionary defines a hybrid as something of mixed origin
- A hybrid vehicle is one that combines a smaller-than-normal internal
combustion gasoline engine with the electric motor of an
electric-powered vehicle
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- A hybrid car is a passenger vehicle that is driven by a hybrid engine,
which is an engine that combines two or more sources of power, generally
gasoline and electricity
- There are two types of gasoline-electric hybrids:
- Parallel hybrid
- Series hybrid
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4
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- Both use gasoline-electric hybrid technology, but in radically different
ways
- Both have small gasoline engines
- Both produce much less pollution than standard gasoline cars
- Both produce much less power – generally between 60-90hp (the average
gasoline engine produces double that)
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5
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- Both are constructed of ultra lightweight materials like carbon fiber or
aluminum to overcome the power gap
- Both are generally designed to be more aerodynamic than most cars,
allowing them to “slice” through the air instead of pushing it out of
the way
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- Both use a process called regenerative braking to store the kinetic
energy generated by brake use in the batteries, which in turn will power
the electric motor
- Both use electric power at starts and stops, low speeds (generally below
15mph)
- Both use the gasoline engine at cruising or highway speeds
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- Gasoline engine and electric motor work together to move the car
forward
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8
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- Gasoline engine either directly powers an electric motor that powers
the vehicle, or charges batteries that will power the battery
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- Full Hybrid: Can move solely on electric power
- Mild Hybrid: Requires at least some gasoline to power the
transmission
- Stop-Start Hybrids: Use electric power only while idling or during
vehicle deceleration
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- Did you know that the following voltages are currently used in North
American passenger vehicles?
- 12 Volt – ALL vehicles
- 36 Volts – Saturn Vue
- 42 Volt – some conventional and hybrid models
- 72 Volt – NEVs
- 144 Volt – ALL Honda hybrids
- 300 Volt – Toyota first generation Prius hybrids
- 500 Volt – Toyota Prius (second generation)
- 650 Volt – Toyota Highlander SUV, Lexus RX 400h and GS 450h hybrid
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- Anyone know why some of the voltages on the previous slide are listed
in red?
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- 60 Volts can kill you!
- 20 Volts can be deadly if your skin is wet or your standing in water!
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14
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- With the recent releases of hybrids in the 2006 and 2007 model year
cars, perhaps the question should be, “Who doesn’t manufacture and sell
hybrid gasoline/electric vehicles?”!
- The following slides show a majority of the manufacturers and the
hybrid models they offer. Many more are due out in 2008 such as a hybrid
Cadillac Escalade.
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- Many manufactures offer on-site training/familiarization through local
dealers.
- Most offer informational booklets or on-line information geared for
emergency procedures.
- This technology is changing so rapidly, with no standardization of the
location of the batteries and power cables that it is imperative we as
rescuers make this knowledge a priority!
- Following is an on-line presentation found on the GM site. This
presentation was developed to educate emergency workers.
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35
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- Quickest and easiest way for emergency responders: All hybrid vehicles
have badge plates located on the sides and/or rear of the vehicle
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- In place of a tachometer, a power meter showing kW output is used
- Do you notice orange (high voltage) or blue (intermediate voltage) loom
under hood or running under vehicle?
- Hybrid tag on motor
- Auxiliary Power Output Operation button on dash or 120VAC plugs noted in
bed of pickup
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- The “SLEEPING” Car Syndrome:
- A hybrid characteristic we MUST be aware of. Normally on a scene we can
hear a vehicle's engine running or see its exhaust. Because a hybrid’s
gas engine shuts down when the car stops, rescuers can be fooled into
thinking the car is off. A rescuer or victim could accidentally hit the gas
pedal, causing the car to move and possible injure other rescuers or
bystanders.
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- The “SLEEPING” Car Syndrome:
- Remember: Put hybrids in park, remove the key to shut down the system
and chock the wheels before you do anything!
- Note: Some vehicles feature only an electric button or switch to place
vehicle in park
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- The “SLEEPING” Car Syndrome:
- If there is no key, the start/stop button should be located somewhere
on the dash and the patient should have a key fob. (manufacturers aren’t
making the task of shutting off the vehicles any easier!)
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- The “SLEEPING” Car Syndrome:
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48
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49
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- If you are unable to perform the recommended disabling procedures,
found in the following slides, proceed with caution as there is no
assurance that the high voltage electrical system, SRS or fuel pump are
disabled!
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53
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- 12) Hybrid identification tags are located in the rear and/or sides of
the vehicle. Severe impacts in these areas could destroy or hide the
identification tags. You must be sure to look for other hybrid
identifications, make sure you are aware of the models on the road, and
when in doubt assume the vehicle is a hybrid until proven otherwise.
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Notes
